Geothermal Energy Essay -- Power Fuel Renewable Resource Global Warmin

Geothermal Energy: The Answer to the Energy Problem? Theoretical: The worldwide network is as of now scanning for new wellsprings of vitality that are not inconvenient to nature, that are savvy, and that will have the option to accommodate the current and future interest for vitality. Geothermal vitality is one of the promising options in contrast to non-renewable energy sources since it discharges no harmful or ozone depleting substance outflows, its present expense is diminishing yearly, and it is a ceaseless wellspring of vitality. It is a spotless and productive vitality source that has the capacities to accommodate a dominant part of the force utilized in the private, business, modern, and electric force areas. This paper will look at the current and most proficient techniques for mass creating geothermal vitality, its cost viability, ecological effect of creation, the measure of intensity it can deliver, and will decide whether geothermal vitality could be the response to the world’s vitality issue Introduction: The United States is confronted with a significant issue: finding new vitality sources that would not discharge contaminations discharged in the air. The pursuit has been productive, with extraordinary advancement in sun based, and wind innovations, however they stay excessively costly to mass produce and both have irregular creations of vitality because of an overwhelming dependence on the climate. However this hunt has additionally brought about the development and accomplishment of geothermal vitality, which gives a consistent stream of warmth vitality from inside the Earth. The geothermal field is rapidly developing, making this sustainable power source a contender among non-renewable energy sources and an incredible trust later on. Foundation: Geothermal vitality is heat from inside the Earth. This warmth vitality is either steam or high temp water that gathers ... ...hermal Power Production Jan 16 2008, Mark A. Taylor http://www.geoenergy.org/distributions/reports/Geothermal_Production_and_Development_Update_January_16_2008.html - The State of Geothermal Subsurface Technology Part1, November 2007, Mark A. Taylor - http://www.geo-energy.org/aboutGE/basics.asp - US Department of Energy: Geothermal Power Plants http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/powerplants.html - Energy Information Association http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/grothermal.html - US vitality utilization Data tables http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renwables/page/rea_data/rea.pdf - Geothermal Power-Energy America - http://www.energyamericaini.com/index.php/geo_power/ - National Geothermal Collaborative - Common Questions about Geothermal Energy http://www.geocollaborative.org/distributions/common_questions_About_Geothermal_energy.pdf

Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Conversations - Essay Example Beside this, he additionally utilizes the word â€Å"come† intermittently to utilize a feeling of allure, which maybe doesn't simply relate to his condition while he was having this experience yet in addition for individuals, for example, me who are perusing his attempts to be pulled in to the story. What truly works for me in the story, other than its intriguing incomprehensible nature, is the inconspicuous control of feelings by the creator. Hughes, rather than portraying the slants of the hero, clarifies the environmental factors of the character, for the most part utilizing action words to push the story forward and into progress. This at that point makes the peruser set out to find the real story and increasingly delicate to what the fundamental character would feel given the conditions, consequently what the creator truly asks of his crowd is to be human and to feel for the individual in the event that the individual was set in a specific circumstance. Along these lines, I could identify with the story as I myself have encountered hanging tight for something that will never appear to come. Typically human too, I have deceived myself as well as other people to stifle what I am feeling within me. Human instinct is commonly confusing along these lines: trust is at the same tim e our quality and shortcoming. In spite of the fact that standing by just gives me frustration, I despite everything trust that something will spare me; I despite everything trust that it is coming, my salvation. The article that I have picked has the heading â€Å"From Swine Flu to Bubonic Plague, Epidemics have consistently blended Fear and Terror† by Richard Martin, a staff essayist from the St. Petersburg Times. His initial lines go: â€Å"So far, pig influenza has tainted less than 200 individuals, dispersed over the United States. Most havent required hospitalization. In any case, the indications of dread are everywhere.† Many have been doing fundamental, or as the essayist may suggest, superfluous careful steps to keep away from pig influenza, for example, wearing of careful veils out in the open spots,

Deadlines and Habits

Deadlines and Habits I am a first-semester senior. As a result, my brain has been swimming in fellowship deadlines and requirements, graduate school applications, and the possibility of a full-time job; occasionally, it comes up for air and remembers that Im actually enrolled as a full-time student at MIT and need to do psets. This is what I have to look forward to: I realize that most of this readership has never applied to either grad school or fellowships, so let me bring you up to speed: Astronomy Graduate School What do you do there? Do full-time astronomy research, take some classes, TA some classes. Write and defend a Ph.D. thesis, which earns you a name like: Dr. Anna Ho or Anna Ho, Ph.D. Pretty sweet. How long do you stay there? An average of six years. Five, if you go to Princeton. What do you do afterwards? If you want to continue in academia, you try to find a post-doc (two-ish year full-time research positions) which will hopefully lead up to an assistant faculty position, then (hopefully!) a tenured faculty position. You could also work as a staff astronomer somewhere like the NRAO. Alternatively, you could switch out of professional astronomy, and get a job in industry, business, finance, teaching, and whatever else you can dream up. Why would you do this? You love astronomy research, and want to be part of the astronomy research community. What is the application process consist of? An application fee. A REALLY LONG, REALLY BORING form name, former names (really), gender, addresses, coursework details, research experience details (theres no common app, so you have to type this information again and again and again, in various lengths and formats). A Statement of Purpose (this is the experience I have, this is what I want to do, this is why I want to go to this school). Standardized test scores (the grad school version of the SAT  and SAT subject tests). Transcript. And the names and contact information of three individuals who will write you letters of recommendation. Research Fellowships Research fellowshipof the ring? No. Cornell has a nice description: A fellowship is an arrangement in which financial support is given to a graduate student to pursue his or her degree without any obligation on the part of the student to engage in teaching and/or research in furtherance of the universitys academic mission. Fellowships are generally merit-based awards intended to support a student in a full-time course of study. In other words: you, the graduate student, earn a nice financial package completely unrelated to the institution you are working at. You can imagine that that makes you a lot more attractive to graduate institutions and, once youre there, it takes some of the financial burden off of your department. Heres an argument for applying. What kinds of fellowships are out there? There are many different kinds of fellowships, targeted at many different audiences. For astronomy graduate students, this website has a pretty comprehensive list (scroll down to Multi-Year Fellowships). What does the application process consist of? Similar to grad apps. A long, extremely tedious Personal Information and Education and Work Experience form. A proposal for what youre going to do with the grant money (a very important part of science research!) Some kind of personal statement, tied to the goals of the fellowship program: for the National Science Foundation, for example, you want to discuss the broader impacts of your work on society and your educational outreach efforts. You also need somewhere between two and four letters of recommendation. And, if youre applying to the Hertz and make it past the first round of applications, you go through one or (if you make it even further) two very intense technical interviews. In conclusion: I have a lot to do over the next few months. I would not be surviving without an open stream of communication with friends who have gone through this before: French House alums and summer intern companions have been wonderfully supportive. This has been a particularly weird, disorienting semester; I spend so much time thinking about whats coming up next year that its hard to keep my mind in school and on my psets. The routine of pset, pset, paper, pset, pset, exam, isnt as prominent as usual. And thats made forming new habits even more important. Habits, routines: doing the same thing, every day or every few days or every week at the same time. Ive never been particularly good at forming habits (New Years resolution: I will run FIVE MILES, EVERY DAY, for the REST OF MY LIFE! or NO MORE COOKIES, EVER!) but this semester Ive developed a few that have kept me sane. They are: Running: I started the semester with ~two miles every few days (IT WAS SO PAINFUL), then one afternoon accidentally ran four miles (I thought it was 2.5, until I Google mapped the route back at home) so now run 3-4 miles every few days. I cant always do this on my own; I often run with my friend Sophie 14, who is *much* faster than I am, and *very* patient. Reading: In the half hour before I go to bed, I turn off my room light, click on my standing lamp, and read 1-2 chapters of whatever fiction book I happen to be reading. This semester, at the recommendation of my science fiction-obsessed, shelves-lined-with-Isaac-Asimovs-life-work boyfriend, Im taking my first foray into science fiction: the Mars trilogy, by Kim Stanley Robinson. I read most of Red Mars over the summer, then Green Mars, and am a few chapters into Blue Mars. I cannot recommend this series highly enough. Reading: In the half hour ish after my alarm goes off, I click on my standing lamp, sit propped up among my pillows, put my laptop in my lap, and read whatever catches my eye on the New York Times homepage. It wakes me up, although it has occasionally also made me late for class. I think that habits particularly post-wakeup and pre-bed ones are particularly stabilizing because they provide a framework for everything to fall into. Even if you have a really chaotic, stressful day, you know that a chapter of Blue Mars awaits, and that you get to spend half an hour watching the Martians write a constitution. And in the morning, you dont need to feel stressed immediately, because you can chill out and read the news for a while. And you can never really feel guilty about going for a run, because you can think of it as a long-term investment. Finally, Im sorry for the recent blogging silence ironically, I lost the habit. But the best way to regain a habit is to just start doing it again.

The Placebo Effect History, Biology, And Ethics

The term â€Å"placebo effect† has been defined in many forms since the early Biblical era. According to Dr. Patrick Lemoine, author of, â€Å"The Placebo Effect: History, Biology, and Ethics,† stated that the term â€Å"placebo effect† was actually derived from a mistake made from the translation of the Bible into Latin by a gentleman whose name was Jerome (Lemoine). During the early parts of history and when the Bible was in the midst of being translated, Psalms 116:9, was written as Placebo Domino, meaning â€Å"I shall please the Lord,† instead of, Ambulabo coram Domino, meaning â€Å"I shall walk before the Lord† (Lemoine). Families of the 13th century, during the time of bereaving for a lost loved one, would be found chanting this verse. They called it the Office of the Dead and would chant this Psalm over and over again, while in a praying circle, and in mourning for the lost loved one (Lemoine). During the 16th century, the term was changed somewhat, and was used as form of confusion for the people who were claimed to have been possessed. At this time it was called the â€Å"placebo relic† (Lemoine). When a person was found to have been so-called possessed, they would be given false relics, or something to have been claimed that belonged to a saint or someone who was seen in reverence and honor from an earlier time of history. The possessed person would than act as if it really did belong to this saint or reverenced person, and then would go into seizure like convulsions as if they were shakingShow MoreRelatedMad Americ Bad Science, Bad Medicine, And The Enduring Mistreatment Of The Mentally Ill1472 Words   |  6 PagesMentally Ill. 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Slavery in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1178 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Slavery Essay Did you like this example? Â  Slavery has played various roles in different societies all over the world, but slavery was never as abused and manipulated as it was in America. Slavery has been a part of societies even before it came to America, but American colonization and greed for profit took priority over human rights. Slavery was different for every region of colonization in America. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Slavery in America" essay for you Create order Though the underlying idea of it was all the same, the different governments took slavery to new levels of torture and abuse. The main countries that colonized America were Britain, French, Spanish, and Dutch. Since these are all different groups with different ways of living, the way they used slavery was different as well. With the new found abuse of slavery came all sorts of ways to manipulate and take advantage of slaves, mainly by creating laws that limited what they could do, especially limiting how they could obtain their freedom. Every country that colonized America used slaves in some way or another. One of these countries was the Netherlands. Dutch colonization took place mainly in present day New York. The Dutch interest in slaves took place when settlers started up farms on the Hudson River. After this, slavery took off, for a little while at least. Until the mid-1600s, slaves were not expected to serve for their whole life. However, after slavery became more popular in the region, it became acceptable for white farmer to purchase African slaves in exchange for a life time of servitude. This would all change though because Britain took over this Dutch colony around 1664. A second minor country that colonized America was France. France had control of Louisiana, parts of Canada, and parts of Inland America. In Louisiana, settlers started tobacco and indigo farms. These farms then called for slaves to work the fields. Slaves in Louisiana included Africans and Indians. One of the many laws in place in Louisiana was that children were born into slavery if their mother was a slave. This was a very common law throughout all of colonized America. Also, French women were not very common, because they did not take to trip from France to America. Because of this it was very common for French men to mingle with African women. Most African women were slaves and so any children conceived were also slaves. These Afro-French children were in a unique situation because their French fathers did not want them to be slaves forever, so their fathers would decide to free them from slavery. The French also had their own slave code called the Code Noir. This was very similar to that slave codes of English settlers. A couple of the laws inside the Code Noir were that interracial marriage was forbidden and that only slave owners could free their slaves. Slaves were not allowed to buy their freedom. Florida was one of the main Spanish colonies in America. Historically, Spanish cultures is tried to religion, specifically Catholicism. Because of this, slaves in Spanish Florida had an opportunity for freedom that many others did not. Any slave that converted to Catholicism would be freed and protected under the religion. Slaves had more choices as far as what type of work they wanted to do. There were several jobs that required back-breaking work, but they could also serve as linguists, guides, and even serve in the Spanish militia. Because of the many Indians in Florida, and the fact that Africans mingled with Indians, slavery was not defined by race in Spanish Florida. Spanish settlers treated slaves better than in English colonies. Part of this was because Spanish law clarified the masters responsibility and the slaves rights. These distinctions were not made in England. Britain held the majority of the colonies in America. These included Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, and more. The laws concerning slavery were different in each colony, but the main ideas were similar. One of these similarities was a law created concerning children. Any child born in these colonies was to take the title of their mother, either slave or free. This particular law made African women very important to white men. Like with the French, many English women did not travel to America. So it became very common for white men and African women to mingle. As a result, many children were conceived and since it was more than likely that the mother was an African slave, these children were also considered slaves. Another common law was punishment for slaves. While the severity of punishment varied from colony to colony, There were laws put in place that allowed for harsh punishment of slaves for even minor offenses like theft or even being disobedient. South Carolina had some of the most sever punishments for slaves out of all of the colonies. They decided that runaway slaves would be punishable by death, and even offered rewards to individuals who captured runaway slaves. While many colonies assumed this, Virginia made a law in the 1640s stating that slaves were to serve for life. Maryland established a law stating that if a white women and an enslaved black man married, the white women would have to serve the husbands master. Englands colony South Carolina was most know for extreme slave codes. These codes severely limited slaves ability to do what they wanted when their day of work was done. Just to name some of the restrictions, when slaves traveled off of the plantations, they were required to carry a pass given by their owner that said they could be away from the plantation. Also, Runaway slaves, if captured, were brutally beaten, branded, or even bodily mutilated. African slaves had very limited options for freedom, and as time went on, these options became less and less. In the mid 1600s, slaves would runaway to St. Augustine, Florida. If they made it, they would convert the Catholicism and doing this would keep them from having to be a slave again. This option did not last ling though, as St. Augustine was burned down and the slaves safe haven was ruined. The only other realistic way for slaves to gain their freedom was to purchase it. Of course as time went on, the colonies put laws in place such as having to have the owners approval for a slave to become free, or they owner would have to move the newly freed Africans outside of some colonies, if they were to be free. These were some of the very few ways slaves could gain their freedom. Slavery was different in every colony, depending on what country was in control of the colony. There were over arching similarities, but nonetheless, each colony was different, and had its own way of controlling slaves. Freedom was also a difficult thing for slaves to gain, as many options for freedom were deemed illegal by the colonies laws. Overall, this was one of the toughest times for slavery, there was nothing to stop whites from brutally torturing slaves and they had yet to realize that they were abusing human beings that were exactly like them.

The Question of Female Citizenship Free Essays

The Question of Female Citizenship Catherine Tupper In the early 1800’s a young man by the name of James Martin was denied by the lower court when he claimed that his deceased mother’s property in the United States was confiscated from his family. After being denied for an appeal in the lower court, James appealed his decision to the Supreme Judicial Court. The problem at conflict in this case was whether or not James mother, Anna, was defined as a feme-covert or as a citizen of The United States. We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of Female Citizenship or any similar topic only for you Order Now This court case was called Martin v. Massachusetts. According to the Source, in eighteenth-century Anglo-America a married women, by law, was known as a feme-covert. A woman considered a feme-covert was completely covered by her husband and had no recognized legal identity. She had no right to buy, sell or own property independently of her husband. In the case of Martin v. Massachusetts, the plaintiff James Martin presented the fact that his late mother left the United States because his father did. In other words, Anna had no choice due to the feme-covert law which states that the man speaks and acts for the wife. The argument made by the ter-tenants was that Anna had the right to stay and claim citizenship due to the fact that all of the land owned by her husband was indeed hers because it was passed down by her father. In the end, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts ruled that Anna Martin was bound by her marriage vows and had to follow her husband to England. The court reversed the confiscation and the land was returned to the Martin family. Due to the fact that the confiscation of Anna Martin’s property was reversed, the justices stated that women could not act independently of her husband in political or economic matters. How to cite The Question of Female Citizenship, Papers

Ozone Essay Example For Students

Ozone Essay OzoneDanielle FarrarMarch 16, 1997Triatomic oxygen, O3, is most commonly known as ozone. It has aresonance structure, and can be drawn in two different ways:O=O-O-O=OIt is a bluish, explosive gas at room temperature, and has a boiling pointof -119C. It has a melting point of -193C, and is a blue liquid. Itscritical temperature and pressure are -12.1C and 53.8 atm, respectively. Ithas a pleasant odor in concentrations of less than 2 ppm, and is irritating andinjurious in higher concentrations. The density of ozone gas is 2.144 g/L, andthe density of ozone as a liquid is 1.614 g/mL. It is extremely unstable, andsolutions containing ozone explode upon warming. It is found in varyingproportions on Earth, but it is about 0.05 ppm at sea level. Ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere, andprotects humans from skin cancer. But ozone is also the main ingredient of smog,and causes serious health effects and forest and crop damage in the loweratmosphere. Ozone is formed through the chemical reaction of volatile organiccompounds and nitrogen dioxide, in the atmosphere, in the presence of sunlight. This reaction is called a photochemical reaction, because sunlight is required. The product is known as smog. The notorious brownish color of smog is due tonitrogen dioxide of the mixture. Increased temperature stimulate the reaction,which is why ozone conditions are worse in the summer. It is an oxidant,meaning it takes electrons away from other molecules, and disrupts keystructures in cells by starting chain reactions. Ozone is a serious national problem. Half of the largest urban areas inthe United States exceed the ozone standards. The worst regions in the USinclude California and the Texas Gulf coast, and the northeast and the Chicago-Milwaukee area during the summer. The ozone condition varies from year to year,as the temperature and weather fluctuate. This fluctuation also occursthroughout the day, as emissions from morning traffic builds up, the levels rise. Ozone emissions come from many things, such as automobiles, gas stations, powerplants, dry cleaners, paint shops, chemical manufacturing pants, oil refineries,and other business that release volatile organic compounds. The health effects of ozone are chest pain, coughing, wheezing, lung andnasal congestion, labored breathing, sore throat, nausea, rapid breathing, andeye and nose irritation. The symptoms occur when the levels of ozone are onlyslightly higher than the legal standard. Living in San Diego during myelementary school year, I personally felt the effects of ozone; the tightness ofthe chest, wheezing, and labored breathing on certain hot, humid days. Dayswould be labeled smog days, and children wouldnt be able to play outsideduring recess, the air was so polluted. Heavy exercise can drive ozone deeperinto the respiratory system, and interferes with lung operation, and childrengrowing up in smog-polluted areas have been found to have lost 10-15% of theirlung capacity. Ozone severely damages crops, forests, and man-made materials. Thecrops affected are ones such as soybeans, peanuts, corn, and wheat, and moreextensively to tomatoes, beans, snapbeans. Cash losses of these crops areestimated at several billion dollars a year. Evidence points towards the factthat ozone is severely damaging forest in the eastern United States, and ozoneis responsible for the reduced growth rate of commercial yellow pines in thesoutheast U.S. Organisms such as lichens, and ecosystem processes such asnutrient cycling, are also affected. Ozone can also damage materials, such ascausing cracking of plastics and rubber, and decomposition and fading of fibersand dyes. .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 , .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .postImageUrl , .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 , .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5:hover , .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5:visited , .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5:active { border:0!important; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5:active , .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5 .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9d9c347fb06f854395e911c042d03aa5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ted Bundy Case Study EssayOzone has been in the news a lot in the past decade or so. Not only theeffects of ozone as smog in the lower atmosphere, but ozone depletion in theupper atmosphere. It seems rather ironic that something we have such anabundance of that it becomes a problem, should also present the problem that weare lacking in it. However, the focus of my research was primarily on smog andthe effects of the lower atmosphere. The health problems presented, the moneylost on crops, and forests, have made ozone quite a prevalent issue, mainlybecause it affects everyone, all over the planet. This invisible gas has andwill continue to be a source of intense interest for scientists in the comingyears. Contributing pollutants such as automobiles, power plants, and other thingsI mentioned previously have led to controversy over these items. Huge amountsof money have been put into research for decreasing the amount of ozone produced. For instance, Los Angeles installed a

Romeo and Juliet Costumes Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Costumes Paper I picked this scene for my Costumes because I believe it was the main stepping stone for the rest of the story It pretty much determined the rest of their fate in the whole movie. For Romeo I chose to make Just a plain shirt because what he wore always looked simple but put together. I also dressed him In a pair of tights for the bottoms. For Juliet costume I looked at what was worn throughout both the 1968 movie and the 1996 movie. I also looked through what was worn In the Victorian era which Is hat Romeo and Juliet Is said to have taken place In. I ended up making a dress which looks like what you would averagely seen during that era. For Gullets mother I did the same thing I Just used a pattern that was Just a bit different and a different material. I based her costume off what she would have worn at the party since she wasnt present during the balcony scene which I had used for both Romeo and Gullets costumes. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Costumes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Costumes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Costumes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Communication barriers between Ghana and Chinese culture Essays

Communication barriers between Ghana and Chinese culture Essays Communication barriers between Ghana and Chinese culture Essay Communication barriers between Ghana and Chinese culture Essay Introduction According to many studies, cross-cultural problems have been some of the most integral and persistent issues that have influenced communications between various cultures. Due to the differences in culture of people, communication is usually proving to be hard and thus not effective. Communication barriers, therefore, are manifest and renders communication between two cultures difficult. Culture is the way we view the world and the set of beliefs by certain people (Varner Beamer, 1995). Various barriers hinder communication between the two cultures-Ghana and Chinese. This research paper seeks to analyze three examples of the barriers from the perspective of cross-cultural communication theory. If ineffective communication occurs between different cultures, it is based on the fact that the communicators dont acknowledge the values of the different cultures. Cross-Cultural Communication theory This theory essentially posits an understanding of how various people from different cultural backgrounds speak, convey information and perceive everything in their environs (Balsmeier Heck, 1994). Cross-Cultural Communication in this context refers to the communication between Chinese and Ghana (Varner Beamer, 1995). This theory is based on the value differences among cultures. The examples of communication barriers between Ghana and Chinese culture are inclusive of but not limited to Language differences, non-verbal misinterpretation, preconceptions and misunderstandings, high anxiety, assumptions of the similarities, discrimination, ethnocentrism, tone differences (Balsmeier Heck, 1994). Language barrier To begin with, language is one of the obvious hindrances to intercultural communications yet maybe not the most integral. Individuals who dont share a language or who feel that they have a poor command of someone elses dialect might have some troubles communicating and imparting. There is likewise the likelihood of false impressions happening between individuals when they dont share a typical dialect. However sharing a common dialect does not ensure understanding. Indeed, even speakers of the same dialect dont have the very same comprehension of the implications and meanings of words (Patel, Li Sooknanan, 2011). Moreover, a Chinese and a Ghanaian would have problems in communicating. The two individuals speak entirely different languages. Various ways in which dialect can be an obstruction to intercultural communications are also the problems of vocabulary, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences. The absence of vocabulary equivalence happens at the point when there are not words in one dialect that relate precisely to the meaning and importance of words in another language. It happens mainly with particular or extremely illustrative words. Take for instance when a letter written in by a Ghanaian in English to be translated into Chinese with a sentence that reads I wonder if you will set an agenda and a meeting date for our meeting. In this case the word wonder is used as a courteous method of requesting for information from the Chinese on the agenda of the meeting and meeting date, when translated into Chinese it means an entirely different things. It means doubt. When translate d it waters down the courtesy (Patel, Li Sooknanan, 2011). The sentence would thus read I doubt if you will set an agenda and meeting date for our meeting. For this situation, a sentence that means well can result in a great conflict due to the offensive meaning (Phipps, 2013). In several cases, when a Ghanaian speaker communicates in English to a Chinese and uses idiomatic expressions it causes confusion. Even though English is not a native language for both, one individual may be well informed with the idiomatic expressions like a native speaker. Take, for instance, when one says kick the bucket, it means to die. In some cases, it may cause confusion when one of the individuals who comprehend its meaning uses it to express death to the other person who doesnt understand its meaning (Phipps, 2013). Another issue is that of experiential equivalence as mentioned earlier. There are experiences that exist in Chinese culture that do not exist in one Ghanaian culture. This makes them hard to interpret into the dialect of Ghana. For example, the Chinese idea of guanxi has no exact English equivalent in spite of the fact that it has connotations that can be communicated in English words, for example, relationship, association, commitment and reliance (Large, 1983). Conceptual equivalence, on the other hand, becomes a setback for communication if notions or concepts are not well comprehended in similar ways in various cultures. Ghanaians have different concepts of some fundamental and contemporary issues in a way that may appear to be quite divergent as compared to how the Chinese understand the same (Large, 1983). Nonverbal Communication This entails communication without the use of the word by mouth, and it sometimes goes hand in hand with verbal communications to reinforce the meaning of the spoken word. Nonverbal correspondence can be an obstruction to intercultural correspondence between a Chinese and a Ghanaian (Olshin, 2006). Nonverbal communications mostly entail correspondence without words. Messages are sent through motions, gestures, eye contact, and assumptions in regards to time among others. These types of communications can be misinterpreted in most cases. Non-verbal is used in various ways in the two cultures to communicate. Similarly, there is a close similarity of their uses in the two cultures in question. In the Ghana context, most of the non-verbal styles are used to send messages that may be uncomfortable to speak. On the other side, it may be disrespectful to do the same in the Chinese culture. It, therefore, presents the state of confusion for the two to speak in nonverbal skills (Kelley, 1975). Gestures and eye contact have powerful meanings in both cultures. Additionally, there are differences of interpretation of deep indulgence in eye contact by the two cultures. In Ghana, it is a sigh of respect while in Chinese context it may render one restless as it may not be a sign of courtesy. This is a major setback for the two cultures as far as communication is concerned. Silence also has a difference in meaning in the two cultures, and this is a setback for cross-cultural communications (Kelley, 1975). For the Chinese, silence in a conversation means a lot of respect especially if it is from a younger person to an elderly while in Ghana it means shyness and maybe inadequate interest in the conversation. It is another element of cross-cultural communication barrier as the theory stipulates. Another aspect of non-verbal in cross-cultural communication barrier is the touch element. In Chinese culture, it is believed that strangers are not to be greeted and touched, while it is pointless in Ghana. Ethnocentrism It is very normal for one brought up in Ghana to have the values of the community he or she is brought up in, likewise to one brought up in China. It is because of the way the two individuals brought up in these cultures interact and learn from them. Ethnocentrism is the belief of one in his or her culture. It is the sense of focusing on ones own culture in everything one pursues. It is clearly a setback in cross-cultural communications since it offers the basis of one judging other cultures and rendering them to be inferior (Bi et al., 2012). Chinese would have difficulty and challenges in communicating with a Ghanaian if both parties do not have a sense of cross-cultural tolerance towards each other. For example, a Chinese working in Ghana would feel inferior if a Ghanaian looks down upon him (Olshin, 2006). Ethnocentrism, in this case, promotes superiority in the Ghanaian who believes that his culture is superior to the Chinese culture.;This kind of attitude in the Ghanaian affects cross-cultural communication between the Ghanaian and the Chinese (Bi et al., 2012). Strategies on How to Overcome Barriers to Intercultural Communication Today, the world is acknowledged to have become a global village where people communicate from time to time and from place to place irrespective of their location. Also, due to technological advancement, many people from different walks of life have had the opportunity to move from one location to another. The Chinese have been to Ghana due to work related reasons and other reasons. Similar, to Ghanaians, who have found their way to China for one reason or another. As this takes place, the challenges and issues of dealing with cultural differences and utilizing the potential advantages of the diversities become immense. The differences that exist across various cultures have a significant impact on the intercultural communications. It is, therefore, prudent to put strategies that would help reduce and or eliminate the intercultural barriers to communications. Overcoming Language Barrier Speaking slowly and clearly is a way to overcome the language barrier. It entails pronouncing words clearly and profoundly to a party whose first language is not necessarily English. It is advisable to limit loudness in speaking as this merely implies rudeness in most of the cultures like the mentioned above. Speaking in plain language without the use of idiomatic expressions would also help a great deal in making communications clear and precise. Using simple words and avoiding unnecessary information: In this situation, one should use short, simple sentences to disseminate information. Using lengthy explanations usually makes intercultural communication difficult. It even makes it more complicated to use hard, and unnecessary difficult words to explain things. It is also a good strategy to check the meaning of words before using them. It is not prudent to assume the meaning of certain words without considering the context of the other culture. Practicing Active listening This is a proven effective strategy for improving cross-cultural communication.;It is a technique that entails restating the other speakers sentiments to ensure that one grasp and understand their meaning and also, asking regular questions. This method facilitates cross-cultural communication by ensuring that necessary information is understood too. Paying attention to Cultural assumptions If a person travels to a foreign nation, it is quite challenging to cope with the differences that exist in the nonverbal and verbal communications. It is, therefore, advised that when conversing with someone from another culture, one should avoid slang, jokes and or references that could be confusing and misleading to a non-local speaker. Exercising Patience Quite often than not, Cross-cultural communication takes more time. It is the fact that communicating with a person from the same culture takes less time as compared to communicating with someone from a different culture. It is, therefore, of great help to each other when patience is employed while trying to achieve communication with a person from a different culture. Opting for Courteous formality when in doubt. This is the technique and strategy of adopting a polite language when not sure or confident of what to tell a foreigner. Take, for instance, The North American English speakers usually employ an unconventional tactic to talks, especially when they are in talks with a total stranger or addressing new acquaintance. The technique may be off-putting to a person who is from some other cultural setting. To guarantee that youre passing on a proper level of respect, utilize a more formal method of talking and slowly downsize the degree of a convention as the relationship develops. Avoiding Stereotypes For a successful cross-cultural communication, one needs to seek beyond ones background misconception and stereotypes. Stereotypes are usually common among various cultures; they have no grounds and no categorical basis in truth. Making assumptions and general stereotypes only serve to create distrust and create a barrier between the individuals from different cultural backgrounds thus affecting communications. It is noble to treat each and every person with dignity and in equal measure rather than just mere generalizations. Understanding of other peoples values, norms, beliefs free from a prejudicial point of view is fundamental in this essence. Conclusion Ghana and China have different cultural backgrounds. It is these differences in cultural backgrounds that render the two cultures quite different (Olshin, 2006). Communication between two individuals from these two cultures as depicted in this research indicates that there exist various barriers that hinder effective correspondence. These barriers, as seen, are due to the differences as perceived by each from a particular culture. However, several strategies exist that can be put in place to curb and or reduce these barriers to manageable levels as discussed in this research paper above. Cross-cultural communication barriers are thus tackled successfully to achieve a mutual benefit between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. References Balsmeier, P., Heck, A. (1994). Crosscultural Communication. Cross Cultural Management, 1(2), 13-21. Bi, X., Gunessee, S., Hoffmann, R., Hui, W., Larner, J., Ma, Q., Thompson, F. (2012). Chinese consumer ethnocentrism: A field experiment. Journal Of Consumer Behaviour, 11(3), 252-263. Kelley, M. (1975). Non-Verbal and Verbal Communication. The English Journal, 64(1), 72. Large, J. (1983). The foreign-language barrier. London: A. Deutsch. Olshin, B. (2006). Debating the authentic: an outsiders view of West African culture in Ghana. Journal Of Philosophy And Culture, 1(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpc.v1i2.36449 Patel, F., Li, M., ; Sooknanan, P. (2011). Intercultural communication. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. Phipps, A. (2013). Intercultural ethics: questions of methods in language and intercultural communication. Language And Intercultural Communication, 13(1), 10-26. Varner, I., ; Beamer, L. (1995). Intercultural communication in the global workplace. Chicago: Irwin.

International Systems Corporatin Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Systems Corporatin - Case Study Example The most significant problems that are affecting the plant include, material cost and a bad co-ordination between Research & Development people and Production engineers. Repeated design changing is making the overall cost higher. Had been designs coming from R & D section go directly for production without any more rectification, cost would have lowered. There is a dispute between R & D and Production peoples. One is blaming the other, which forces me to incorporate one special investigation team to govern actually where the conflict is. One design after coming to Production section does not reserves the right to be changed without proper notification to me. According to the notice sent by Employee & Community Relation Manager, we need to hire women and people of color very soon and make sure a higher percentage will be recruited into Production section which requires more effective manpower. Nothing is born perfect. We have to give the color of perfection. Question is not how effective we are, rather question is how much more we have to be. There must be a good relation among the people in the department as well as within various departments. After getting sure that design is complete and may rule over the market then only materials should be purchased. Otherwise it's immaterial to periodically purchase and change the model structure. To set up good relationship, weekly meetings will be organized where all the in- charges of various sections may come with their ambiguities and questions if any. Other than this, picnic party, cultural activities will help the employees to intermingle. As Baker and Baker is interested for our model 80, so production engineers must do their work to make the product available as soon as possible. After that only other models and multi channel digital system will be carried out. As we are hiring people, later on works can be split up. The product whose design is about to complete; before going to production department, requisites must be sent to material management people. If after purchasing any such modification is required, it should be done showing valid cause before me. Finally, instead of maintaining own records department heads are requested to provide necessary information to the finance authority. Response to Robert Strauss We all know that company is running above the projected expenditure for last few months especially due to higher material cost. I have understood the actual reason behind it. It has been decided, next time onwards prior to sending the design to production department, a list of required materials will be given to your department. And also designers/production peoples are not allowed to change the design so easily ensuring proper utilization of the resources purchased. Model 95 will be told to stall for a moment till model 80 gets done. Another discussion I want to make with you regarding the materials that remain unutilized due to the changing of designs. We will check if

Research proposal on the effects on a child when a parent has a Essay

Research proposal on the effects on a child when a parent has a dpressive illness - Essay Example To get a need satisfied, a boy or girl has to pay heed to the instruction or advice of a father. Such type of feeble relationship between a father and kids does not impact any significant effect, when the father gets mentally ill. The additional load of caring on the mothers’ part in such cases is negligibly nil, since during normal lifestyle the load on the part of a mother is considerably greater than that of a father. But when a mother gets mental depression and related psychic problems, the entire scenario is different. This is because normal role of a mother consists of several attitudes, actions and attachments in nursing the children. The impact on the kids of a mother becoming mentally insane is enormously big and is very complex in diagnosis and treatment. The effects of such insanity of a mother also vary on boys and girls. A mother’s insanity creates a very strong psychological vacuum in a boy, changing entirely the mould of the boy’s character. But the effect on a girl is purely pragmatic with minimum psychological break. The girls are naturally practical in their attitude. Hence, the impact of the mother’s illness especially mental illness fades after certain period of time, leaving behind a few traces of the effect of the mental depression. On becoming an adult woman, she considers her mother’s depression-caused ill effects as the due share of the latterâ₠¬â„¢s earlier deeds and accepts the whole past as such. Long back in 1979, Marjorie Fiske has ascribed certain factors to the depressive illness of a mother. According to Majorie, most of the middle-aged women had willingly or reluctantly adopted a ‘receptive-nurturing’ form of behavior. Women exhibit this type of behavior at least until the end of child rearing period. Although it fits in some cases and does not fit in some other cases, the activities of women are

Design of Automated Biomass Gasifier

Design of Automated Biomass Gasifier ABSTRACT: Biomass gasifiers have found a promising place in renewable energy resource field. Even then, these gasifiers are facing lots of practical difficulties on operational effectiveness due to shortage of man power. So small scale biomass gasifier is fabricate and further the fuel feeding system and switching functions (On/Off Operations) are also changed by means of automation. Bucket conveyors are used to feed the fuel from the reservoir to the pre-storage chamber. The fuel will be fed in equal intervals of time to maintain constant level of fuel in the reactor. The level of the fuel in pre-storage chamber can be checked by means of level sensors. Ignition of the gasifier is also automated using a special ignition set up. All these automations are achieved by using microcontrollers, sensors and limit switches. Keywords: Biomass gasifier, automation, conveyor, microcontrollers. I. INTRODUCTION: Biomass gasifier has evolved in different aspects for more than three decades. Many improvements were made in biomass gasifiers. The rectifications of the flaws found in the gasifiers were sorted out; researched and good results were obtained. Highly efficient biomass gasifiers of different type are in existence at present. Even then there are many problems to overcome in order to make the biomass gasifier further more efficient. The main challenging factors to make the biomass gasifiers highly efficient both cost wise performance wise are as follows, (i)Gasification is quite complex and sensitive process. (ii)Due to the continuous working of the system it requires the repeated refueling. (iii)The removal of residues such as ash and other residues is taking more time.(iv)The formation of producer gas is very easy, but getting the proper state is very difficult.(v)Man power is needed for fueling, igniting and monitoring. Thus resulting in expenditure for safety aspects of human resources, which makes it cost inefficient the system. (vi)Toxicity of producer gas is also a major problem which affects the humans. Amongst all the problems faced, the major problems falls in a category of need for automation. The automation can be done in any type of biomass gasifier. This paper focuses on automating downdraft gasifier in particular. The concept of automation of the biomass gasifier started from the year of 1980 by â€Å"Bil finger industrial automation services†. Various up-gradations and the changes are brought into practice after the middle of 1990’s the automation of gasifier is still being debated for further improvements. A. Automation of the Gasifier Using Microcontroller Energy systems that rely upon biomass fuel are often very complex due to the need for the systems to integrate fuel handling, combustion control, and ash removal. Automation of biomass gasifier is capable of offering a wide range of solutions to suit these needs. These are achieved by utilizing a variety of PLC and SCADA systems at present [1]. Even though PLC SCADA finds a promising place in automation of biomass gasifier [1] there were few disadvantages like highly expensive system for being installed in small scale and medium scale gasification unit skilled workers with deep knowledge about these controlling system are needed. Hence this paper mainly focuses on automation of then gasifier from small scale to large scale unit. This can be achieved by automate the gasifiers using microcontroller. A Microcontroller is a digital computer on a single chip but usually runs for performing a dedicated task. It has CPU, memory, timers, Parallel Serial I/O and peripherals, counters and clock circuit. The primary operation of a microcontroller is performed by using a fixed program that is stored in the ROM. Because of absence of CPU, RAM, ROM, Peripherals all embedded on a single chip in microprocessor, microcontroller has a greater advantage over it. This in turn reduces the size of the application and cost. It consumes low power because it operates at low frequencies and so it is fit for durable application. II. DESIGN OF AUTOMATED GASIFIER: Downdraft gasifier, the upper cylindrical part of gasifier acts as a collection device for wood chips or other biomass fuel [4]. The downdraft gasifier is shown in Fig. 1. Below this cylindrical part of gasifier, there is a radially directed air nozzle that permits air to be drawn in to the raw material, so they become gasified. Before the pyrolyzing of biomass it contacts with atmospheric air, char and support a flame. It rapidly consumes limited air supply for getting richer flame in the pyrolysis zone. At the final stage of pyrolysis zone, the gases consist mostly of C ­o, H2o, Co2 and CH4 [5]. The throat ensures that the gaseous products pass through the hottest zone where most of the tar cracked into gaseous hydrocarbon. Thus produces relatively clean gas. A. Components of gasifier: All the components of downdraft gasifier are designed in soildworks software. Main components of automated downdraft gasifier and their design are described below. 1. Hopper: The purpose of a hopper is to store the biomass for continuous feed to reaction chamber. It is mounted above the reactor of gasifier. The fuel storage hopper is made up of 4mm thick mild steel. The diameter and height of fuel hopper is chosen to be 220mm and 550mm respectively [2]. Round shaped hopper has been chosen to prevent the problem of biomass being stuck. 2. Gasification Zone: This is the main component of gasifier. The main reaction of gasification like oxidation, reduction and distillation takes place in this zone. It is in the shape of vertical convergent and divergent nozzle (from top to bottom direction) and made by 3mm thick mild steel. Upper diameter of divergent section is 100mm and the lower diameter is of 220mm with 100mm height respectively [2]. 3. Outer Cylinder: A cylinder is made to cover the whole gasification assembly. The height and diameter of cylinder are 220mm and 250mm respectively [2]. B. Components of automated gasifier: The components of automated gasifier and their design are described below. 1. Pre-storage chamber: A pre storage chamber is made to store the fuel after the fuel bunker and before the combustion chamber. The height and diameter of cylinder are 200mm and 300mm respectively. 500mm length door frame is placed on the top of cylinder, same 500mm length door frame placed on the bottom of the cylinder. And 250mm outer diameter and 220mm inner diameter flange. 8 holes of 10mm diameter are drilled in the plates to join the hopper and pre-storage chamber with the help of nut and bolts. 2. Pre – Storage Door with lead screw: A pre-storage door with lead screw is placed inside of the door frame. It is used to avoid the atmospheric air to inside the combustion zone. The length, breadth and thickness of door are 300mm, 210mm and 2mm respectively. And the Diameter, Length, Pitch and Thread height of lead screw are 19mm, 320mm, 6mm and 3mm respectively. The Diameter, Length, Pitch and Thread height of box nut are inner diameter- 20mm, outer diameter- 40mm, 35mm, 6mm and 3mm respectively. The door is placed on the top of cylinder, same door frame placed on the bottom of the cylinder. 3. Fuel bunker with conveyor system: A fuel bunker with conveyor is made to store the fuel in the fuel bunker and convey the fuel from fuel bunker to pre-storage chamber (Bucket conveyors were used in the system) [3]. The height, length and width of fuel bunker are 400mm, 450mm and 450mm respectively. And the conveyor is placed inside of the fuel bunker another end is placed on the top of the pre-storage chamber. C. Assembling of automated gasifier: In order to assemble the gasifier components, first of all water tank is placed on the stand and the gasifier is placed inside the tank. Now the pre-storage chamber is placed to top of the hopper and join with the help of nut and bolts. And the fuel bunker with conveyor is placed on the stand one end of the conveyor is fixed inside of the fuel bunker and another side of the conveyor is fixed on the top of the pre-storage tank with help of bolts and nuts. The schematic of automated gasifier unit is shown in fig. 1. Fig.1. Schematic of automated gasifier unit III. COMPONENTS OF CONTROL SYSTEM A. Microcontroller kit: Microcontroller kit is used to control the sequence of operation in this system, like door open close, conveyor system on/off, igniter on/off, blower on/off. These operations are control by according to the sequence of operation. B. Sensors: IR proximity sensor is act as a level sensor. The level of the fuel in pre-storage chamber can be checked by means of level sensors. It can able to sense the nearby objects without any disturbance of the sensed object. It does not have any mechanical parts and also lack of direct contact between sensed object and sensor. So it has high durability and high reliability. C. Motors: Motor is used to drive the conveyor system and door open close operations. These are controlled by microcontroller kit. D. Limit switches: Limit switch is a device which converts mechanical motion in to electric signal. It is operated by physical contact of the object. In this system limit switches are used to control the door open close system. Fig.2. Automated small scale gasifier unit IV. SEQUENCE OF OPERATION Flow chart for sequence of operation Starting process Continuous process If the fuel level comes down in the hopper B. Flow chart description: Starting process: Step 1: set the feeding time interval in the microcontroller kit (using adjustable time regulator). Step 2: press the press button to start the process. Step 3: door 1will be open (using motor limit switch). Step 4: conveyor on fuel is taken from fuel bunker to pre-storage chamber. Step 5: if the fuel attains the maximum level in pre-storage chamber, the conveyor system will be cut off (using sensor to check the level of fuel in pre-storage chamber). Step 6: After these door 1will be close. Step 7: And then door 2 open. The fuel comes from pre-storage chamber to hopper. Step 8: After 25 sec door 2 will be close. Step 9: repeat from step 1 to step 6 another one time for filling the hopper (this repeating process is adjustable in the program. it depends upon the fuel). Step 10: After this process air blower will be on (for creating pressure in the gasification zone). Step 11: After 1min igniter will be on (using automatic igniter). Continuous process: The continuous process will happen for every equal interval. The time interval is adjustable (before start the whole process to set the time interval depends up on the fuel characteristics). Step 1: door 1 open. Step 2: conveyor on fuel is taken from fuel banker to pre-storage chamber. Step 3: if the fuel will be attain maximum level in pre storage. The conveyor system will be cut off. Step 4: door 1 close. Step 5: door 2 open. The fuel comes to hopper. Step 6: After 25 sec door 2 will be close V. CONCLUSION Thus the small scale biomass gasifier was designed and fabricated with automatic controls. This gasifier is initiated with the manual feeding of biomass in the Fuel bunker, set the equal time interval for feeding from fuel bunker to pre-storage chamber and press the push button to start process there after the entire process like fuel feeding system, ignition system, switching functions (On/Off Operations), equal interval of feeding was automated using microcontroller, sensors, limit switches and motors. In future to develop the gasifier in fully automatic mode, to controlling and monitoring the gasifier parameters like temperature, pressure, air flow rate and gas flow rate etc. And also implement this automation in large scale gasfiers.

Are Cell Phones Necessary in Teen’s Lives? Essay

I believe that cell phones are necessary in teen’s lives for the following three reasons. Firstly, they are a good social way to keep in contact with friends and family. Secondly, they are a fast and easy emergency resource. Thirdly, cell phones are an easy way to access the internet and they are entertainment to teens. Firstly, I believe that cell phones are a good social way to keep in contact with friends and family for the following three reasons. A lot of teen’s need to keep in touch with their family and friends so they can know whether or not they have anything after school. Having a cell phone makes it easy for teen’s to talk to their friends and family on any day at any time. Lastly, if there is a sudden change with any plans they have, having a cell phone makes it easy to keep in contact. Therefore, for those reasons I believe cell phones are necessary in teens lives. Secondly, I believe that cell phones are a fast and easy emergency resource for teens for the following three reasons. One of the reasons is if there is an emergency at home if is easy to get in contact with their kids. Another reason is sometime when teenagers are walking home alone and they feel as if they were being followed they sometimes pretend to act as if they were on talking to someone. Lastly, sometimes teenagers leave their school work at home they can easily text or call their parents and get them to bring their project to them. Therefore, for those reasons I believe cell phones are necessary in teen’s lives. Lastly, I believe that cell phone are an easy way to access internet and are entertainment for teens. One of the reasons is that cell phones have easy access to social networking sites. Sites like Facebook and Twitter can be used very accessible anywhere you go. Another reason is most phones have an application world, which allows them to pick from thousands of different applications to customize their phone. Lastly, with Wifi you can use the internet to go on any site at any time. Therefore, that is another reason why I believe cell phones are necessary in teens lives. In conclusion, I believe that cell phones are necessary in teen’s lives for the following three reasons. Firstly, they are a good social way to keep in contact with friends and family. Secondly, they are a fast and easy emergency resource. Thirdly, cell phones are an easy way to access the internet and they are entertainment to teens.

Study Case

CHAPTER 2I HUI4AN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 903 Case Office Equipment Company (OEC) director (a U. S. national) of the office Equipment Company (oEc) in Lima, Peru (see Map 2l . l), announced suddenly that he would leave within one month. The company had to find a replacement. OEC manufactures a wide variety of small office 1997, the managing ln equipment (such as copying machines, recording machines, mail scales, and paper shredders) in eight different countries and distributes and sells products worldwide. lt has no manufacturing facilities in Peru but has been selling and servicing there since the early 1970s.OEC first tried selling in Peru through independent importers but quickly became convinced that in order to make sufficient sales it needed to have its own staffthere. Despite Peru's political turmoil, which at times has bordered on being a full-scale civil war, OEC'S operation there (with about 100 employees) has enjoyed good and improving sales and profitability. OEC is construct ing its first factory in Peru that is scheduled to begin operations in early 1999. This factory will import components for personal computer printers and assemble them locally.Peru offers an abundant supply of cheap labor, and the assembly oPeration will employ approximately 150 people. The government will allow up to I0 percent of the output to be sold locally. By assembling locally and then exporting, oEC expects to be able to ward off trade restrictions on the other office equipment it imports for sale within Peru. This plant! construction is being supervised by a U. S. rechnical ream, and a U. S. expatriate will be assigned to direct the production. This director will report directly to OEC's U. S. eadquarters on all production and quality-control matrers but will rePort to the managing director in Peru on all other matters, such as accounting, finance, and labor relations. OEC, by policy, will replace the exiting managing director with an internal candidate. The company employs a combination of home-, host-, and third-country nationals in top positions in foreign countries, and managers commonly rotate among foreign and U. S. locations. ln fact, it has been increasingly evident to OEC that international experience is an important factor in deciding who will be appointed to top corporate positions.The sales and service facility in Peru reports to a Latin American regional office located in Coral Gables, Florida. A committee at this office, charged with selecting the new managing direc- tor, quickly narrowed its choice to five candidates. Tom A thirty-year OEC veteran, Zimmerman is well versed in all the technical and sales aspects required in the job. He has never worked abroad for OEC but has visited various of the company's foreign facilities as part of sales teams. He is consid- Zimmerman ered competent and will retire in about four and a half years.Neither he nor his wife speaks Spanish. Their children are grown and living with their own children in th e United States. Zimmerman currently is in charge of an operation that is aboutthe size of that in Peru after the new factory begins operating. However, Zimmerman's present position will become redundant because the operation he heads is being merged with another. Brett Harrison Harrison, 40, has spent fifteen years at OEC. Considered highly compehas tent and capable of moving into upper-level management within the next few years, he 904 PART 7 FUNCTIONAL I'. ANAGEI'1 ENT, OPERATIONS. AND CONCERNS PERU Population 22. 3 million Monetary unit New sol Major languages Span ish Quech ua Aymara Largest city Lima Major industrial areas Arequipa Chimbote Cuzco lquitos Lima Talara Map 2l. l Peru never been based abroad but has worked for the last three years in the Latin American regional office and frequently travels to Latin America. Both he and his wife speak Spanish adequately, and their two children, ages I 4 and I 5, are just beginning to study the His wife holds a responsible marketin g position with a pharmaceuticals company.Carolyn language. Moyer Moyer joined OEC twelve years ago after getting her MBA from a pres- tigious university. 4t37, she has already moved between staffand line positions of growing responsibility. For two years, she was second in command of a product group that was aboutthe size of the newly expanded one in Peru. Her performance in that. postwas considered excellent. Currently, she works on a planning staffteam. When she joined OEC, she indicated her interest in eventual international responsibilities because of her undergraduate major in international affairs.She has recently expressed interest in international duties because of a belief it will help her advancement. She speaks Spanish well and is unmarried. Francisco Cabrera Cabrera, 35, currently is an assistant managing director in the larger Mexican operation, which produces and sells for the Mexican market. A Mexican cit- for OEC in Mexico for all his twelve years with the company. He holds an MBA from a Mexican university and is considered to be a likely candidate to head the Mexican operation when the present managing diiector retires in seven years. He is married with four children (ages 2 to 7) and speaks English adequately.His wife does not work izen, he has worked outside the home or speak English. CHAPTER 2I HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 905 Juan Moreno At27, Moreno is assistant to the present managing director in Peru. He has held that position since joining OEC upon his U. S. college graduation four years ago. Unmarried, he is considered competent, especially in employee relations, but lacking in experience. He had been successful in increasing OEC's sales, in part because he is well connected with local families who can afford to buy new office equipment for their businesses. Questions l.Which candidate should ihe committee choose for the assignment, and whyl 2. What problems might each candidate encounter in the position? 3. 4. How might OEC go about mi nimizing the problems that each candidate would have in managing the Peruvian operations? Calculate an estimated compensation package for each candidate based on the following additional inf6rmation: Present annual salaries: Zimmerman, U5$70,000; Harrison, US$75,000; Moyer, US$65,000; Cabrera, M$ I 24,000; Moreno, 557,000 a Exchange rates: $ I: M$3. 1 (Mexican pesos);$ I: S 1. 9 (Peruvian new sols) o f income for a family of one, 40 percent for a family of two, 45 percent for a family of four, and 50 percent for a family of five or more: Washington, D. C. : 100; Lima : 86;Mexico City :77 U. S. Department, of State foreign-service premiums for Peru: hardship : l5 percent; danger: l5 percent U. S. Department of State cost-of-living index based on items covering 35 percent a a o Schooling allowance: age 6-12 : US$5000;age 3-18 : US$9000 Average tax rates: Mexico : 20 percenq United States : 25 percent; Peru : I Housing allowance (nontaxable): single : US$ 12,100;family : US$ 15,000 0 p ercent Chapter Notes l. The data for the case were taken from Edwin McDowell, â€Å"Making lt in America: The Foreign-Born Executive,† New York Times, June I, 1980, Section 3, p. l+; Don Whitehead, The Dow Story (New York McGraw-Hill, I968); â€Å"Lundeen Urges More Aid for Universities,† Chemrcal Marlceting Reporter, Yol. 224, No. 19, November 7, 1983, p. 3+;Paul L. Blocklyn, â€Å"Developing the lnternational Executive,† Personnel, Vol. 66, March 1989, pp. September 14,1992, p. 5; â€Å"Popoffon Challenges for Dow and for the lndusvy|' Chemical Wee( May 18, 1994, pp. 26-28; and Susan J.Sinsworth, â€Å"lssues Management ls Central to Frank Popoff's Globalization Strategy,† Chemlcol Engineering News, Vol. 72, No. 21, May 23, 1994, pp. 25–29. 2. Gary R. Oddou and Mark E. Mendenhall, â€Å"Succession Planning for the 2 l st Cen- European Management lournol, Yol. I 4, No. 4, August 1996, pp. 365-373. 4. â€Å"Globesmanship,† Across the Board , Yol. 27, Nos. l, 2, January-February 1990, p. 26, quoting Michael Angus. 5. Daniel Ondrack, â€Å"lnternational Transfers of Managers in North American and European MNEs,† Journol of lnternailonol Business Studies, Vol. 16, No. 3, Fall 1985, pp. l-19;andJohn M.Hannon, lngChung Huang, and Bih-Shiaw Jaw, â€Å"lnternational Human Resource Strategy and Its Determinants: The Case of Subsidiaries in Taiwan,†Journal of lnternotionol Business Studies, Vol. 26, No. 3, Third Quarter 1995, pp. 53 l-554. 4447; â€Å"Globesmanship,† Across the Boor4 Vol. 27, Nos. l,2,January-February 1990, pp. 24-34;William Storck, â€Å"Dow Chemical Changes Executive Lineup,† Chemical ond Engineering News, tury: How Well Are We Grooming Our Future Business Leadersl† Business Horizons, January-February I 99 I, pp. 26-34. 3. Gordon Petrash, â€Å"Dow's Journey to a Knowledge Value Management Culture,†

Puberty Of Hormones And Adult Physical Development

All teenagers experience huge changes physically and emotionally, called puberty. Puberty is â€Å"the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development. Puberty usually last three to five years† (Berger, 2014, p 319). Puberty generally starts between the ages 8 to 14. During these times children make the transition into adulthood. Not only do they grow in size, but also in sexual maturation. Inside the body many changes are occurring as well, such as the increase in hormone secretion. Hormones are â€Å"an organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some psychological function† (Berger, 2014, p 320). Hormones are responsible for regulating â€Å"hunger, sleep, mood, stress, sexual desire, immunity, reproduction, and many other bodily reactions, including puberty† (Berger, 2014, p 320). Two main hormones that increase drastically during puberty is estrogen, for g irls, and androgens, for boys. During the period of increase in these hormones, pubescent teenagers are more likely to develop psychological disorders, such as eating disorders, due to poor body image, causing long term issues physically and mentally. Eating disorders and body dissatisfactions are big issues in today’s society for teenagers and young adults. Eating disorders cause people to become so obsessed with their body image that they try to consume the least amount of food as possible. There are many different types ofShow MoreRelatedAdolescence : Everything Changes? Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescence is a transitional stage of development that has been defined as starting with puberty and lasting the years a person is roughly aged ten to twenty. 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